英语短语 "had rather…than" 是一个表示偏好选择的结构,核心含义是“宁愿……而不愿……”(更倾向于前者,拒绝后者)。它与更常用的 "would rather…than" 同义,但"had rather" 更偏向正式/书面语或传统用法(尤其在英国英语中),现代口语中更多用 "would rather",但两者功能一致。
强调在两个选项中优先选择前者,表达对后者的排斥。例如:
I had rather stay home than go to the party.
(我宁愿待在家里,也不愿去派对。)
"had rather…than" 的结构需遵循平行原则(前后成分一致),具体分为以下几种情况:
结构:主语 + had rather + 动词原形 + than + 动词原形
("had rather" 后接动词原形,"than" 作为连词,连接并列的动作)
例:
She had rather read a novel than watch TV.
(她宁愿读小说也不愿看电视。)
We had rather walk than take the crowded bus.
(我们宁愿走路也不愿坐拥挤的公交。)
He had rather cook at home than eat fast food.
(他宁愿在家做饭也不愿吃快餐。)
若对比的是名词/事物,可省略重复的动词(如 "have"),结构简化为:
例:
I had rather tea than coffee.
(= I had rather have tea than have coffee. 我宁愿喝茶也不愿喝咖啡。)
They had rather soup than salad.
(他们宁愿喝汤也不愿吃沙拉。)
若前后动作的主语不同(即“我宁愿你/他做A,而不愿你/他做B”),"had rather" 后接的从句需用过去式表虚拟(无论现在/将来),结构为:
(主语2可省略,避免重复)
例:
I had rather you told me the truth than lied to me.
(我宁愿你告诉我真相,也不愿你骗我。)
She had rather he called her tomorrow than texted her.
(她宁愿他明天打电话给她,而不是发消息。)
We had rather they stayed home than went out in the rain.
(我们宁愿他们待在家里,也不愿他们冒雨出去。)
若要表达“宁愿不做A,也不愿做B”,否定词 not 需放在"had rather"后的动词原形前,结构为:
例:
I had rather not go to the wedding than wear that ugly dress.
(我宁愿不去婚礼,也不愿穿那件丑裙子。)
He had rather not speak to her than say something rude.
(他宁愿不和她说话,也不愿说粗鲁的话。)
1、 "had" 是助动词,无时态/人称变化
"had rather" 中的 "had" 不是过去完成时的助动词,而是固定结构的一部分,因此:
无论主语是单数(he/she/it)还是复数(they/we),都用 "had rather"(不用 "has rather" 或 "have rather")。
不表示“过去的偏好”(若要表达过去没实现的偏好,需用 "would rather have done",如 I would rather have gone yesterday. 我宁愿昨天去了。)
2、 疑问句形式:将"had"提前
变疑问句时,把 "had" 置于主语前:
Had you rather stay or go?
(你宁愿留还是走?)
Had she rather take the train than drive?
(她宁愿坐火车也不愿开车吗?)
3、 与"would rather"的区别
含义完全一致(均表示“宁愿……而不愿……”);
"had rather" 更正式/老式,"would rather" 更口语化/常用;
口语中常缩写为 "I'd rather"(可对应 "I would rather" 或 "I had rather",需结合语境判断,但功能无差)。
I had rather die than surrender.
(我宁愿死也不愿投降。)
She had rather work overtime than miss the deadline.
(她宁愿加班也不愿错过截止日期。)
We had rather you came tomorrow than today.
(我们宁愿你明天来,而不是今天。)
He had rather not eat anything than eat that burnt chicken.
(他宁愿什么都不吃,也不愿吃那只烤焦的鸡。)
综上,"had rather…than" 是一个表达优先选择的正式结构,核心是通过平行结构对比两个选项,突出对前者的偏好。掌握其结构(动词原形/虚拟过去式)和否定形式,即可灵活使用。