“out of”是英语中高频介词短语,核心逻辑是“从...脱离/离开”,但延伸出多种具体含义,需结合语境理解。以下是其主要含义、用法及例句的系统梳理:
表示从某个空间、容器或物体内部离开,强调“由内到外”的移动。
搭配动词:walk, jump, come, get, step 等。
He walked out of the classroom without saying goodbye.(他没说再见就走出了教室。)
The rabbit hopped out of the hat.(兔子从帽子里跳了出来。)
表示消耗完某样东西,或失去某种抽象状态(如耐心、精力)。
常见搭配:run out of(用完)、be out of(耗尽)。
We’ve run out of coffee—can you buy some?(我们的咖啡喝完了,你能买些吗?)
She’s out of patience with her noisy neighbors.(她对吵闹的邻居已经失去耐心。)
表示做某事的动机、目的或原因(多为抽象情感)。
搭配抽象名词:curiosity(好奇)、kindness(善意)、pity(怜悯)等。
He donated money out of sympathy for the homeless.(他出于对无家可归者的同情捐了款。)
I didn’t tell her the truth out of fear of hurting her feelings.(我没告诉她真相,因为怕伤害她。)
表示从某种状态/处境中摆脱,或“不处于”该状态。
常见搭配:out of danger(脱离危险)、out of practice(生疏)、out of trouble(摆脱麻烦)。
The injured dog is now out of danger.(受伤的狗现在脱离危险了。)
I’m out of practice in speaking French—haven’t used it for years.(我法语说得生疏了——好几年没用了。)
表示“没有”某样东西(物质或状态),常与表状态的名词搭配。
常见搭配:out of work(失业)、out of stock(缺货)、out of money(没钱)。
Her father has been out of work since the factory closed.(她父亲自从工厂倒闭就失业了。)
The store is out of bread—we’ll have to buy cake instead.(商店没面包了,我们得买蛋糕代替。)
用于“be made out of”结构,强调原材料的可见性(与“be made of”相近,但更口语化)。
This bag is made out of recycled plastic bottles.(这个袋子是用回收的塑料瓶做的。)
They built the cabin out of old logs.(他们用旧原木建了小木屋。)
表示超出某范围(如预算、规则、理解)。
The new phone is out of my budget—I can’t afford it.(新手机超出我的预算——我买不起。)
His joke was out of line—everyone felt offended.(他的笑话太过分了——大家都觉得被冒犯了。)
“out of”常与其他词组合成固定短语,需单独记忆:
1、 out of the question:不可能(=impossible)
Going on vacation this month is out of the question—I have too much work.(这个月去度假不可能——我工作太多。)
2、 out of sight, out of mind:眼不见,心不烦(经典谚语)
Once she moved away, he forgot about her—out of sight, out of mind.(她搬走后,他就忘了她——眼不见,心不烦。)
3、 out of control:失控
The fire got out of control and burned down three houses.(火势失控,烧毁了三栋房子。)
4、 out of breath:气喘吁吁(因运动或劳累)
I was out of breath after climbing the stairs.(爬楼梯后我气喘吁吁。)
5、 out of date:过时(=outdated)
Your phone is out of date—they released a new model last month.(你的手机过时了——上个月出了新款。)
“out of”是介词短语,后接名词/代词,不能接动词原形(需用动名词)。
✖️ He did it out of want to help.(错误)
✔️ He did it out of wanting to help.(他做这件事是因为想帮忙。)
与“from”的区别:“out of”更强调“从内部离开”,而“from”是广义的“来自”(如“come from China”是“来自中国”,而非“从中国内部出来”)。
总结:“out of”的含义围绕“脱离/离开”展开,需根据语境判断具体意思,多记搭配和例句能快速掌握其用法。