英语短语 "not but that" 是一个正式/文学性的让步结构,核心含义是“虽然;尽管;不是不…(承认某事实后转折)”,用来引导让步状语从句,强调“承认从句内容为真,但主句仍有相反的情况/判断”。
"not but that" 本质是“否定+转折”的复合结构,可拆解理解为:
“not” 否定主句的极端情况;
“but that” 引出被承认的事实(即“不过/但…是真的”)。
整体表达:“虽然…(从句内容),但…(主句内容)” 或 “没有到…(主句否定的极端),以至于不能…(从句内容)”。
"not but that" 主要有两种常见搭配,需结合语境区分:
表示“没有那么…,以至于不能…”(即“虽然…,但仍能…”),强调“主句的否定程度未达到阻止从句动作的地步”。
例句:He is not so old but that he can walk a mile.
(他还没老到不能走一英里——尽管老了,但仍能走。)
She is not so busy but that she can help you with your homework.
(她没忙到不能帮你做作业——尽管忙,但能帮忙。)
直接引导让步从句,承认从句的事实,再转折主句的判断。可替换为 though/although,但更正式。
例句:I do not doubt but that he is telling the truth.
(我毫不怀疑他在说真话——即“我承认他说的是真的”。)
Not but that I admire his courage, I think he acted foolishly.
(虽然我钦佩他的勇气,但我认为他的行为很愚蠢。)
She does not deny but that the plan has flaws.
(她不否认这个计划有缺陷——即“她承认计划有问题”。)
1、 与“but that”的区别:
"not but that" = 虽然/尽管(让步);
"but that" 单独用 = 要不是(条件,表假设)。
对比:He would have come but that he was ill. (要不是生病,他会来的——条件);
Not but that he was ill, he still came. (虽然生病了,但他还是来了——让步)。
2、 语用场景:
"not but that" 是书面语/文学性表达,口语中较少使用,更常用 though/although 或 even though 替代。例如:
Not but that she is kind, she can be strict. → Though she is kind, she can be strict.(虽然她善良,但也会严格。)
"not but that" 是一个强调“承认事实+转折”的正式结构,核心功能是引导让步从句,传达“尽管…,但…”的逻辑。掌握其两种常见结构(尤其是"not so… but that"),并注意与"but that"的区别,即可正确使用。
小测试:尝试翻译句子:He is not so poor but that he can afford a cup of coffee.
(答案:他没穷到买不起一杯咖啡——尽管穷,但买得起。)