“not as…as…”是英语中表示“两者比较,否定前者在某方面的程度不如后者”的核心结构,基本含义是“不如……;不像……一样”。
“not as…as…”的完整形式需根据句子的动词类型(be动词/实义动词)调整,核心逻辑是:
当比较的是“主语的属性(如身高、年龄、颜色等)”时,中间用形容词原级。
例1:Tom is not as tall as Mike.(汤姆不如迈克高。)
例2:This dress is not as beautiful as that one.(这条裙子不如那条漂亮。)
例3:The weather today is not as warm as yesterday.(今天的天气不如昨天暖和。)
当比较的是“主语的动作程度(如跑、工作、说话等)”时,中间用副词原级。
例1:She doesn’t run as fast as her brother.(她跑得不如哥哥快。)(实义动词“run”需借助助动词“doesn’t”否定)
例2:He doesn’t work as hard as his sister.(他工作不如姐姐努力。)
例3:I can’t speak English as well as he does.(我英语说得不如他好。)(情态动词“can’t”否定,“does”代替“speaks English”避免重复)
若比较的是“数量”,需用“not as + many/much + 名词 + as”结构:
可数名词复数用“many”:We don’t have as many books as they do.(我们的书不如他们多。)
不可数名词用“much”:There isn’t as much water here as there was last year.(这里的水不如去年多。)
比较对象可以是名词、代词、从句,甚至省略重复部分(用“do/does/did”代替):
代词:His car is not as expensive as mine.(他的车不如我的贵。)(“mine”=“my car”)
从句:She didn’t study as much as she should have.(她学习不如她本应该的那样努力。)
1、 必须用“原级”:中间的形容词/副词不能用比较级(如“not as taller as”是错误的)。
2、 “not as…as…” vs “not so…as…”:
否定句中两者可互换(“so”更正式,“as”更口语),但肯定句只能用“as…as…”(如“Tom is as tall as Mike.”正确,“Tom is so tall as Mike.”错误)。
3、 形容词修饰名词的位置:若形容词后接名词,结构为“not as + 形容词 + a/an + 名词 + as”(仅可数名词单数):
This isn’t as good a movie as the one we saw last week.(这部电影不如上周看的那部好。)
形容词:My phone is not as new as yours.(我的手机不如你的新。)
副词:They didn’t arrive as early as we did.(他们到得不如我们早。)
数量:I don’t eat as many vegetables as my mom.(我吃的蔬菜不如妈妈多。)
简单来说,“not as…as…”就是用“原级”否定两者的程度相等,只要记住“中间原级、前后as”的结构,就能灵活运用啦!