“in fact”是英语中常用的衔接短语,核心含义是“事实上/实际上/其实”,用于强调真实情况、纠正误解、补充细节或对比预期与现实。
“in fact”本质是对“表面/假设/他人认知”的反驳或细化,突出“真实的、更准确的情况”。
根据语境,“in fact”的功能可分为以下几类:
当对方(或前文)有错误认知时,用“in fact”引出真相。
He claims to be an expert. In fact, he knows nothing about the topic.
(他自称是专家。实际上,他对这个话题一窍不通。)
Many people think pandas only eat bamboo. In fact, they occasionally eat small animals too.
(很多人认为熊猫只吃竹子。其实,它们偶尔也吃小动物。)
用于转折,说明实际情况与之前的想法/假设不同。
I thought the exam would be easy. In fact, it was the hardest I’ve ever taken.
(我以为考试会很简单。事实上,这是我考过最难的一次。)
She seemed shy at first. In fact, she’s very outgoing once you get to know her.
(她一开始看起来很害羞。其实,熟了之后她很外向。)
用更具体的事实细化前文,或加强观点的力度。
We need to hurry. In fact, we should leave in 5 minutes to catch the train.
(我们得赶紧。更准确地说,我们必须5分钟内出发才能赶上火车。)
I don’t just like this book—in fact, I’ve read it three times!
(我不只是喜欢这本书——实际上,我已经读了三遍!)
常与“quite the opposite”搭配,强调“完全相反”。
You think I’m tired? In fact, quite the opposite—I’m full of energy!
(你觉得我累了?事实上恰恰相反——我精力充沛!)
“in fact”的位置灵活,需注意标点符号:
句首:后面加逗号,引出整句事实(最常见)。
In fact, I’ve never been to Paris before.(其实我从没去过巴黎。)
句中:前后加逗号,插入句中作补充(较正式)。
She is, in fact, the manager of the company.(她其实是公司的经理。)
句尾:前面加逗号或破折号,补充说明前文。
He didn’t come—he was sick, in fact.(他没来——其实是因为生病了。)
in fact vs. actually:两者常可互换,但“in fact”更正式,侧重“用事实反驳”;“actually”更口语,侧重“纠正小误解”。
Actually, I’m not hungry.(其实我不饿。)→ 日常对话
In fact, the project failed due to poor planning.(事实上,项目失败是因为规划不善。)→ 正式说明
“in fact”的核心是“用事实说话”,无论纠正、补充还是对比,都是为了让信息更准确、更有说服力。掌握它的关键是结合语境——看是否需要“打破之前的认知”或“强调真实情况”。