"hardly any" 是一个否定意义的数量短语,意为“几乎没有;几乎不(存在/有)”,用来强调某事物的数量极少,接近“没有”的状态。
"hardly any" 后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,在句中作定语(修饰名词),表示“几乎没有……”。
强调“几乎没有(可数的事物)”,名词用复数形式。
She has hardly any friends in the new school.(她在新学校几乎没有朋友。)
There are hardly any chairs left in the classroom.(教室里几乎没剩下椅子了。)
强调“几乎没有(不可数的事物)”,名词用原形。
There's hardly any milk in the fridge.(冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了。)
We had hardly any rain this summer.(今年夏天几乎没下雨。)
"hardly any" 常与 anyone/anything 连用,构成更简洁的表达(相当于 "hardly any person" 或 "hardly any thing"):
hardly anyone:几乎没人
例:Hardly anyone came to the party last night.(昨晚几乎没人来派对。)
hardly anything:几乎没什么东西
例:I can hardly see anything without my glasses.(没戴眼镜我几乎什么都看不见。)
"hardly any" 本身已表否定,句中不能再用 "no" 或 "not" 等否定词,否则会造成双重否定(逻辑错误)。
错误:I have hardly any no money.(×)
正确:I have hardly any money.(√,我几乎没钱。)
由于 "hardly any" 表否定,反义疑问句(tag question)的后半部分需用肯定形式。
There are hardly any students in the hall, are there?(大厅里几乎没有学生,对吧?)
She has hardly any free time, does she?(她几乎没有空闲时间,对吗?)
"hardly any" 可与以下表达互换(注意词性和修饰对象的区别):
almost no:几乎没有(后接可数复数/不可数名词,语气更直接)
例:Almost no one agreed with his idea. = Hardly anyone agreed with his idea.(几乎没人同意他的想法。)
few(接可数复数)/ little(接不可数):几乎没有(更正式,侧重“数量少到可以忽略”)
例:Few people understand this problem. = Hardly any people understand this problem.(几乎没人理解这个问题。)
"hardly any" 是否定数量短语,核心用法是修饰“可数复数/不可数名词”,表示“几乎没有”;常与 "anyone/anything" 搭配,反义疑问句需用肯定。掌握它的关键是记住:后接名词,表否定,不重复否定。