英语短语"have to"是一个表示客观必要性的情态动词结构,核心含义是“必须;不得不”,强调因外部因素(如规则、责任、环境限制等)而“不得不做某事”,而非说话者的主观意愿。
表达“由于某种客观原因(如法律、规定、义务、现实需要等),某人必须做某事”。例如:
I have to go to school tomorrow.(我明天必须去上学。——因为学校要求上课)
She has to wear a uniform at work.(她上班必须穿制服。——公司规定)
They had to leave early because of the rain.(他们因为下雨不得不早点走。——天气原因)
"have to"的形式会根据时态、人称变化,否定和疑问形式也需借助助动词(do/does/did)。
一般现在时:
主语为I/you/we/they(第一、二人称单复数;第三人称复数):用have to;
主语为he/she/it(第三人称单数):用has to(注意“has”是“have”的第三人称单数形式)。
例:
We have to finish this project by Friday.(我们必须周五前完成这个项目。)
He has to take medicine twice a day.(他必须一天吃两次药。)
一般过去时:
所有人称统一用had to(“have”的过去式是“had”)。
例:
I had to work overtime yesterday.(我昨天不得不加班。)
They had to cancel the trip due to the storm.(因为暴风雨,他们不得不取消旅行。)
一般将来时:
用will have to(“will”+动词原形),表示“将来必须做某事”。
例:
You will have to pass the exam to get the job.(你必须通过考试才能得到这份工作。)
We will have to start early tomorrow.(我们明天必须早点出发。)
"have to"的否定表示“不必;不需要”,需借助助动词(do/does/did)+ not + have to:
一般现在时:don’t have to(I/you/we/they);doesn’t have to(he/she/it);
一般过去时:didn’t have to(所有人称)。
例:
You don’t have to cook dinner tonight—I’ll do it.(你今晚不必做饭——我来做。)
She doesn’t have to work on weekends.(她周末不必工作。)
We didn’t have to wait long for the bus.(我们不必等很久公交车。)
将助动词(do/does/did)提前至主语前,结构为:
一般现在时:Do/Does + 主语 + have to...?
一般过去时:Did + 主语 + have to...?
例:
Do you have to leave now?(你必须现在走吗?)
Does he have to attend the meeting?(他必须参加会议吗?)
Did they have to pay for the ticket?(他们不得不买票吗?)
在口语中,"have to"常简化为"have got to"(缩写为"ve got to"),含义完全相同,但更口语化。例如:
I have got to (I’ve got to) go now.(我得走了。)
She has got to (She’s got to) finish her essay tonight.(她今晚得完成论文。)
"have to"和"must"都表示“必须”,但核心差异在于主观 vs 客观:
have to:强调客观必要性(外部因素迫使);
must:强调主观必要性(说话者的意愿、判断或义务)。
例:
1、 I must study hard.(我必须努力学习。——我自己认为应该这样做)
2、 I have to study hard because the exam is next week.(我必须努力学习,因为下周要考试。——考试这个外部因素迫使)
"have to"的否定是“不必”(don’t have to),而"must"的否定是“禁止”(mustn’t),二者不可混淆:
You don’t have to eat this.(你不必吃这个。——可选)
You mustn’t eat this.(你不许吃这个。——禁止)
"have to"是表达客观必须的核心短语,需根据时态、人称调整形式,否定和疑问需借助助动词。掌握其与"must"的区别,能更精准地传达“必要性”的来源。