“衰退”常见的英文表达有 decline、recession、decline in prosperity/vigor(指繁荣或活力的衰退)、deterioration(侧重于状况变差、衰退) 等,具体使用哪个词需根据语境判断:
decline:既可以作名词,也可以作动词,使用范围较广,可用于描述经济、健康、数量、质量等方面的下降或衰退。
名词:The country's economic decline has been a cause for concern.(这个国家的经济衰退一直令人担忧。)
动词:The company's profits have been declining for the past three years.(过去三年里,该公司的利润一直在下降。)
recession:主要用作名词,指经济活动普遍放缓、衰退的时期,常与经济领域相关。
The country is facing a severe recession.(这个国家正面临着严重的经济衰退。)
decline in prosperity/vigor:侧重于描述繁荣程度或活力的衰退,常用于形容国家、地区、组织或个人在发展、活力方面的减弱。
The city has seen a decline in prosperity in recent years.(近年来,这座城市的繁荣程度有所下降。)
After years of hard work, he began to show a decline in vigor.(经过多年的努力工作,他开始显现出活力的衰退。)
deterioration:更强调状况、质量、功能等方面的逐渐变差、衰退,可用于描述具体事物或抽象概念。
The deterioration of the environment has become a global issue.(环境的恶化已成为一个全球性问题。)
There has been a noticeable deterioration in his health recently.(最近他的健康状况明显恶化了。)