"exclude from"是一个常用的英语动词短语,核心含义是"将...排除在...之外;不允许...进入/参与;不把...包括在...里面"。
"exclude"本身是及物动词,意为"排除;排斥;不包含";"from"引出排除的范围、群体或活动。整体表达"把某对象从某个范围/活动中移除,使其不被包含或参与"。
结构通常为:exclude sb./sth. from (doing) sth.
(被动语态:be excluded from (doing) sth.)
这里的"范围"可以是具体的空间、群体,或抽象的类别、列表等。
The sign says dogs are excluded from the restaurant.
标识写着狗不得进入餐厅。
This policy excludes part-time workers from company benefits.
这项政策把兼职员工排除在公司福利之外。
"from"后可接动名词(doing),表示被排除的具体行为。
She was excluded from joining the team because of her poor attendance.
她因出勤率低被禁止加入团队。
Latecomers will be excluded from taking the exam.
迟到者将不能参加考试。
当强调"被排除"的状态时,常用被动结构,尤其在说明规则、政策时。
Children under 12 are excluded from the roller-coaster ride for safety.
为安全起见,12岁以下儿童不得乘坐过山车。
Some items are excluded from the sale (e.g., clearance products).
部分商品不参与促销(如清仓品)。
keep out of:更口语化,强调"阻止进入"(如:Keep kids out of the kitchen while cooking.);
bar from:更正式,侧重"禁止(通过规则/权力)"(如:He was barred from entering the building.);
rule out:侧重"排除可能性"(如:We can't rule out the risk of rain.)。
"exclude from"中的"from"是介词,后面接名词、代词或动名词,不能接动词原形;
该短语偏正式,常用于规则、政策、正式场合(日常口语中可能用"not let...in"或"keep out")。
总结:"exclude from"是表达"排除、禁止"的核心短语,关键要明确"被排除的对象"和"排除的范围/活动",通过结构"exclude sb./sth. from sth./doing sth."灵活使用。