"be allowed to do sth." 是被动语态结构,表示“被允许做某事”(主语是“被允许的对象”)。
其主动形式是 allow sb. to do sth.(允许某人做某事),被动语态将“sb.”提前作主语,原主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,结构转换为:
sb. + be allowed + to do sth.(+ by sb.)(某人被(某人)允许做某事)"be" 是助动词,需根据主语的人称/数和时态变化:
一般现在时:am/is/are allowed to do
一般过去时:was/were allowed to do
一般将来时:will be allowed to do
现在完成时:has/have been allowed to do
在be动词后加not,表示“不被允许做某事”。
例:
Students are not allowed to use mobile phones in class.(学生不允许在课堂上用手机。)
He was not allowed to go to the party last night.(他昨晚没被允许去派对。)
将be动词提前至句首,用于询问“是否被允许做某事”。
例:
Are you allowed to stay out late on weekends?(你周末被允许晚归吗?)
Will we be allowed to bring food into the cinema?(我们会被允许带食物进电影院吗?)
若需明确“谁允许的”,可在句末加"by sb."(被某人允许)。
例:
I am allowed to watch TV by my parents after finishing homework.(我做完作业后被父母允许看电视。)
She was allowed to leave early by her boss yesterday.(她昨天被老板允许提前离开。)
注意不要混淆“允许做某事”的两种表达:
allow doing sth.:主动语态,主语是“允许的主体”,强调“允许某件事发生”(无被动对象)。
例:The school doesn't allow smoking on campus.(学校不允许在校园内吸烟。)
be allowed to do sth.:被动语态,主语是“被允许的对象”,强调“某人被允许做某事”。
例:Smoking is not allowed on campus.(校园内不允许吸烟。)(= The school doesn't allow smoking on campus.)
1、 一般现在时:Children are allowed to play in the park.(孩子们被允许在公园玩。)
2、 一般过去时:We were allowed to take a break after the exam.(考试后我们被允许休息。)
3、 一般将来时:You will be allowed to choose your own courses next semester.(下学期你会被允许选自己的课程。)
4、 否定句:He is not allowed to drive without a license.(他没有驾照不允许开车。)
5、 疑问句:Is she allowed to wear jeans to the party?(她被允许穿牛仔裤去派对吗?)
总之,"be allowed to do sth." 核心是“主语被允许做某事”,重点在于被动的“许可”关系,使用时需注意be动词的时态和人称变化~