“backwards”主要是副词(adverb),并非严格意义上的“短语”,但常与动词、介词搭配使用,核心含义围绕“反方向”(空间、顺序或状态的反转)。以下是详细解释:
1、 空间方向:向后;朝后(opposite of "forwards")
2、 顺序/方式:倒着;逆序地(in reverse order)
3、 引申义:退步;倒退(to a worse state)
修饰动词,说明动作朝“相反方向”进行:
He stepped backwards to avoid the incoming ball.(他向后退避开飞来的球。)
The horse reared backwards when it heard a loud noise.(马听到巨响后向后仰起。)
She leaned backwards in her chair to stretch her neck.(她在椅子上向后靠,舒展脖子。)
用于“读、写、拼、数”等行为的反方向操作:
Can you say the alphabet backwards?(你能倒着说字母表吗?)
The kid accidentally read the story backwards (from end to beginning).(孩子不小心倒着读故事(从结尾到开头)。)
Let's count backwards from 20 to 1 for the countdown.(我们从20倒数到1倒计时吧。)
表示情况变得更糟,或回到更低的水平:
The company's profits have gone backwards this year due to inflation.(由于通胀,公司今年利润退步了。)
If we stop learning, our skills will quickly go backwards.(如果停止学习,我们的技能会迅速退化。)
backwards and forwards:
① 来回地(repeatedly in both directions):
The dog paced backwards and forwards outside the door.(狗在门外走来走去。)
② 彻底地;仔细地(thoroughly):
I've read this contract backwards and forwards—no hidden clauses.(我把合同彻底看了一遍,没有隐藏条款。)
bend over backwards:竭尽全力;拼命(try very hard to please/achieve):
She bent over backwards to make her new roommate feel at home.(她竭尽全力让新室友感到自在。)
know something backwards:对某事了如指掌;倒背如流(know very well):
He knows the lyrics to that song backwards.(那首歌的歌词他倒背如流。)
backward:可作形容词(adj.)或副词(美语常用):
形容词:a backward village(落后的村庄);a backward student(迟钝的学生)。
副词(美语):Step backward slowly!(慢慢向后退!)
backwards:主要作副词(更常见于英式英语,但美式英语也用),更强调“方向/顺序的反转”(如“倒着拼”“倒数”)。
“backwards”的核心是“反方向”——要么是空间上的“向后”,要么是顺序上的“倒转”,或状态上的“退步”。结合固定搭配使用,能更精准表达含义。