英语短语"up against"是一个常用的介词短语,核心含义围绕“直面、遭遇”(比喻义)或“紧靠着”(字面义),以下是具体解析:
"up against" 通常分为比喻义(更常用)和字面义,具体如下:
强调“面临、遭遇、对抗”某种困难、挑战或对手,带有“直面压力/阻碍”的紧迫感,口语中高频使用。
结构:`be + up against + 宾语`(宾语多为问题、困难、对手、截止日期等)。(1)面临(困难/压力/挑战)
指遇到需要应对的难题或压力。
例:
I'm up against a lot of pressure to finish this project by Friday.(我面临很大压力,要在周五前完成这个项目。)
She's up against financial troubles since her business failed.(自从生意失败,她一直面临经济困难。)
(2)与…对抗(对手/敌人)
指和强劲的对手竞争或对抗。
例:
Our team is up against the defending champions in the final.(我们队在决赛中要对抗卫冕冠军。)
He never backs down when he's up against a tough opponent.(遇到强劲对手时,他从不退缩。)
(3)接近(截止日期/期限)
指即将到达某个时间节点,需赶工或行动。
例:
We're up against the deadline for the scholarship application.(我们快到奖学金申请的截止日期了。)
Don't wait—we're up against time to book the tickets.(别等了,我们没时间再犹豫订票了。)
口语中常用,意为“处境艰难、陷入困境”(强调“走投无路”的状态)。
例:
After losing his job, he's really up against it—he can't pay his rent.(失业后他处境艰难,连房租都付不起。)
We were up against it trying to fix the roof before the storm.(我们得在暴风雨前修好屋顶,真是难上加难。)
更具象的表达,字面是“靠墙”,比喻“走投无路、陷入绝境”(比"be up against it"更强调“没有退路”)。
例:
The company is up against the wall and might have to close down.(公司走投无路,可能要倒闭了。)
With all the bills piling up, I feel like I'm up against the wall.(账单堆积如山,我觉得走投无路了。)
指“紧靠着、紧贴着”(物理位置上的接触),较少用但易懂。
结构:`实义动词(put/lean/stand等) + 宾语 + up against + 宾语`。例:
She leaned her bike up against the lamppost.(她把自行车靠在路灯柱上。)
Please put the suitcase up against the bed.(请把行李箱靠在床边。)
"against"本身有“反对、对抗、靠着”的意思,但"up against"更强调“直面、处于…的状态”,更口语化、有紧迫感:
I'm against the plan.(我反对这个计划。)→ 强调态度。
I'm up against problems with the plan.(我在这个计划上遇到了问题。)→ 强调“遭遇具体阻碍”。
"up against" 是口语化的实用短语,核心是“直面某种压力/阻碍”,记住以下高频场景:
面临困难:be up against problems/pressure
对抗对手:be up against a tough opponent
接近截止:be up against the deadline
处境艰难:be up against it / up against the wall
掌握这些用法,就能在日常对话中自然运用啦!