“hold against”是一个短语动词(phrasal verb),核心含义是“因(某事)而记恨/埋怨/对(某人)有负面看法”,强调将某件事作为“负面把柄”记在心上,影响对他人的评价或态度。
指因为某人的某个行为、错误或缺点,而对其产生不满、怨恨或偏见,相当于“blame sb. for sth. and keep it in mind negatively”。
“hold against”的常见结构是“hold sth. against sb.”(因某事记恨某人),有时也会用“hold against sb. that...”(因...(事)而记恨某人),其中“sth.”可以是具体的错误、行为,也可以用代词“it”指代前文提到的事。
直接指出“记恨的原因(sth.)”和“被记恨的人(sb.)”。
Don’t hold my forgetfulness against me—I’ve been really busy lately.
别因为我健忘而记恨我——我最近真的很忙。
She still holds his rude comment against him even after all these years.
这么多年过去了,她还在记恨他当年说的那些粗鲁话。
Will you hold it against me if I can’t make it to your party?
如果我没法去你的派对,你会记恨我吗?(“it”指代“can’t make it to your party”)
用从句具体说明“记恨的事由”,更正式或强调细节。
I hold against her that she never apologized for lying to me.
我记恨她是因为她从来没为骗我道歉。
He holds against his boss that he was passed over for promotion.
他记恨老板是因为自己没被提拔。
注意!“hold...against...”还有字面含义(非短语动词):“把...靠在/贴在...上”,需根据语境判断:
短语动词(记恨):I hope you don’t hold my mistake against me.
我希望你别因为我的错误记恨我。
字面搭配(靠/贴):Hold the map against the window so we can read it better.
把地图贴在窗户上,这样我们能看得更清楚。
“hold against”常出现在道歉、解释、询问对方态度的语境中,用来确认或表达“某件事是否影响关系”:
A: I’m sorry I spilled coffee on your shirt.
B: Don’t worry—I don’t hold it against you.
A:对不起,我把咖啡洒在你衬衫上了。
B:别担心——我不会记恨你的。
Do you think she’ll hold it against me if I ask for a day off tomorrow?
如果你明天请假,你觉得她会记恨你吗?
核心:因某事记恨/埋怨某人;
结构:hold sth. against sb. / hold against sb. that...;
区分:短语动词表“记恨”,字面搭配表“靠/贴”;
场景:道歉、询问态度时常用。
希望以上解释能帮你掌握这个短语!