"had rather" 是一个情态动词短语,意为 “宁愿;宁可;更愿意”,表达说话者对某件事的偏好或选择倾向。
它与更常见的 "would rather" 几乎同义,但更正式、更具书面性,且在现代英语中(尤其是美式英语)使用频率低于 "would rather"。
"had rather" 的用法与 "would rather" 高度一致,核心结构是后接“不带to的不定式”(即动词原形),也可接从句(需用虚拟语气)。以下是常见搭配:
直接表达“宁愿做某事”,否定形式为 had rather not + 动词原形。
I had rather stay at home than go out in the rain.(我宁愿待在家里,也不愿冒雨出去。)
She had rather not talk about her past.(她宁愿不谈论自己的过去。)
用 "than" 连接两个动作,强调“宁愿做A而不愿做B”。
He had rather walk than take the crowded bus.(他宁愿走路,也不愿坐拥挤的公交。)
We had rather cook at home than eat fast food.(我们宁愿在家做饭,也不愿吃快餐。)
从句需用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反或未发生的愿望:
若从句描述现在/将来的情况,从句谓语用过去式(be动词统一用were);
若从句描述过去的情况,从句谓语用过去完成时(had done)。
例:
I had rather (that) you didn’t smoke here.(我宁愿你别在这里抽烟。——现在的愿望)
She had rather (that) he came tomorrow instead of today.(她宁愿他明天来,而不是今天。——将来的愿望)
We had rather (that) we hadn’t missed the train.(我们宁愿没错过那班火车。——过去的遗憾)
表示“过去宁愿做了某事(但实际没做)”,用 had rather have + 过去分词。
He had rather have gone to the concert last night.(他宁愿昨晚去了音乐会。——实际没去)
I had rather have stayed home than gone to that boring party.(我宁愿呆在家里,也不愿去那个无聊的派对。——实际去了)
两者意思完全一致,主要差异在于:
使用频率:"would rather" 更口语化、更常用(尤其是美式英语);"had rather" 更正式、更古老,现在多见于英国英语或书面语。
缩写形式:两者都可缩写为 ’d rather(如 I’d rather = I had rather / I would rather),因此口语中难以区分,但语义无差别。
"had rather" 中的 "had" 是助动词(无“拥有”的实义),不可省略或替换为其他动词;
后面必须接动词原形(不能接不定式 "to do" 或动名词 "doing");
否定形式是在 "rather" 后加 "not"(而非 "had not rather")。
"had rather" 是“宁愿”的正式表达,用法与 "would rather" 一致,核心是后接动词原形,接从句时用虚拟语气。现代英语中更常用 "would rather",但 "had rather" 仍可在正式语境中使用。