"by virtue of sth." 是一个正式的英语短语,核心含义是“凭借;由于;依靠…的力量/特性/法定权利”。它强调某种内在的品质、条件、身份或法律依据是导致结果的关键原因,带有“因…本身的优势/属性而获得”的隐含逻辑。
表示“借助于某事物的本质、特征、权利或资格而达成某事”,可理解为:
凭借…(的优势/能力)
由于…(的属性/身份)
根据…(的法律/规定)
1、 结构:`by virtue of + 名词/名词短语`(不能接从句)
2、 语境:多用于书面语、正式场合(如法律、职场、学术),口语中更常用 `because of` / `thanks to`,但 `by virtue of` 更强调“凭借自身特质或法定权利”(而非外部偶然因素)。
通过不同场景的例子,更直观理解其用法:
强调“自身具备的优势”是成功的原因:
He was promoted by virtue of his hard work and dedication.
(他凭借努力和敬业精神获得了晋升。)
She won the scholarship by virtue of her exceptional academic performance.
(她凭借优异的学业成绩赢得了奖学金。)
强调“身份或职位带来的权利/资格”:
As the CEO, she has access to confidential information by virtue of her position.
(作为CEO,她凭借职位有权接触机密信息。)
Children under 12 travel free by virtue of their age.
(12岁以下儿童凭借年龄可免费乘车。)
强调“法律、条约或规则的约束力”:
The contract is enforceable by virtue of the Consumer Rights Act.
(根据《消费者权利法》,这份合同具有法律效力。)
Foreigners can work here by virtue of a valid work visa.
(外国人凭借有效的工作签证可在此工作。)
强调“事物本身的属性”导致结果:
The material is waterproof by virtue of its special coating.
(这种材料凭借特殊涂层具有防水性。)
The team won the game by virtue of their superior strategy.
(球队凭借出色的战术赢得了比赛。)
because of:通用(可接任何原因,无论正负),口语化,不强调“内在特质”。
例:He missed the flight because of heavy rain.(因大雨误机——外部偶然因素,不能用by virtue of)
due to:较正式(常接名词),侧重“因果关系”,但不强调“凭借优势”。
例:The delay was due to technical problems.(因技术问题延误——中性原因)
thanks to:口语化,侧重“感激”(正面原因),但不如by virtue of正式。
例:We succeeded thanks to your help.(多亏你的帮助——外部帮助,非自身特质)
`by virtue of sth.` 的核心是“凭借自身/事物的本质属性或法定权利”,是一个正式、强调“内在逻辑”的短语,适用于需要突出“因…本身的优势/资格而达成”的场景。