"by reason of" 是一个正式的介词短语,表示“由于;因为;基于……的原因”,用来引出某个事件或情况的原因/理由。
它的语义与 "because of" "due to" "on account of" 相近,但更偏向正式语境(如法律文本、官方文件、学术写作或严肃的书面语)。
作为介词短语,"by reason of" 后面必须接名词、代词或动名词(gerund)(即“名词性成分”),不能直接接从句(若需接从句,需改用 "by reason that",但后者远不如 "by reason of" 常用)。
以下是不同语境下的常用例子,帮助理解其用法:
表示“因为某个具体的事物/情况”:
The flight was canceled by reason of heavy fog.(航班因大雾取消。)
He was exempt from military service by reason of his disability.(他因残疾免服兵役。)
The contract was terminated by reason of breach of agreement.(合同因违约被终止。)
当原因涉及“某人/某物的情况”时,常用“代词所有格 + 动名词”结构:
She couldn’t attend the party by reason of her being sick.(她因生病无法参加派对。)
The plan fell through by reason of its being too expensive.(计划因成本太高泡汤了。)
He missed the exam by reason of oversleeping.(他因睡过头错过了考试。)
The company faced losses by reason of mismanaging funds.(公司因资金管理不善面临亏损。)
1、 正式性:"by reason of" 比 "because of" 更正式,日常口语中较少使用(口语更常用 "because" 或 "because of")。
2、 避免混淆:
"by reason of" 接名词性成分;
"by reason that" 接从句(但很少用,如:He was late by reason that his car broke down. 他迟到是因为车坏了)。
"by reason of" 是正式的“原因介词短语”,核心功能是用“名词性成分”引出原因,常见于法律、学术或官方语境。记住:后面接“名词/代词/动名词”,不接从句!