“rather than”是英语中常用的连词短语,核心含义是“而不是;与其…不如”,用于对比或否定后者,强调前者。它的用法灵活,可连接多种句子成分(名词、动词、形容词、介词短语等),但需注意平行结构(即连接的成分类型要一致)。
表示“选择前者,排除后者”,或“前者是事实/更可取,后者不是”。
例:
I want tea rather than coffee.(我要茶,而不是咖啡。)
She decided to stay home rather than go out.(她决定待在家里,而不是出去。)
强调选择“前者”而非“后者”(名词或代词)。
例:
He bought a laptop rather than a tablet.(他买了笔记本电脑,而不是平板。)
It’s me rather than him who should apologize.(该道歉的是我,不是他。)
若前面是不定式(to do),后面的不定式可省“to”(常见);
若前面是动名词/谓语动词,后面需保持同形式。
例:
I’d like to read rather than (to) watch TV.(我想看书,不想看电视。)
She sings rather than dances.(她唱歌,而不是跳舞。)(前后均为谓语动词,保持第三人称单数)
He prefers working out rather than staying at home.(他喜欢健身,而不是宅家。)(前后均为动名词)
对比两种属性,强调前者。
例:
The movie was boring rather than exciting.(这部电影无聊,不刺激。)
He speaks slowly rather than quickly.(他说话慢,不快。)
对比不同的方式/地点等。
例:
We went by bike rather than by car.(我们骑自行车去的,不是开车。)
She studies in the library rather than in her dorm.(她在图书馆学习,不在宿舍。)
例:
I think I’ll have soup rather than (that) I’ll have salad.(我想喝汤,不想吃沙拉。)
此时后面的动词形式需与主句一致(若主句是谓语动词,句首的rather than后用动名词/原形,依平行原则)。
例:
Rather than wait for help, we solved the problem ourselves.(我们没有等救援,而是自己解决了问题。)(wait与主句的solved平行?不,此处是“rather than + 原形”表“与其做…不如做…”,更口语化)
Rather than complaining, she took action.(她没有抱怨,而是采取了行动。)(complaining与主句的took action平行?其实是“instead of complaining”的替代,但rather than更正式)
“rather than”连接的前后成分必须类型一致(名词对名词、动词对动词、介词短语对介词短语等),否则句子会不连贯。
❌ 错误:She likes reading rather than to write.(reading是动名词,to write是不定式,不平行)
✅ 正确:She likes reading rather than writing.(均为动名词)
若“rather than”连接两个主语,谓语动词的单复数由前面的主语决定(就前原则)。
例:
My mother rather than my father is coming to the party.(是我妈妈来派对,不是爸爸,所以用is)
The students rather than the teacher are responsible for the mess.(是学生负责,不是老师,所以用are)
两者都有“而不是”的含义,但用法不同:
rather than | instead of |
---|---|
可连接动词原形(常见)、从句等 | 后接名词/动名词/代词(不可接动词原形) |
更强调“选择前者” | 更强调“替代后者” |
例:
I’d rather walk rather than take the bus.(√ rather than接动词原形)
I’d rather walk instead of taking the bus.(√ instead of接动名词)
❌ I’d rather walk instead of take the bus.(错误,instead of不能接动词原形)
would rather do A than do B:“宁愿做A,也不愿做B”(注意:这里“rather than”常简化为“than”,但核心逻辑一致)
例:I’d rather stay home than go to the party.(我宁愿宅家,也不去派对。)
总结:“rather than”的核心是对比并强调前者,使用时需注意平行结构和语境,避免成分 mismatch。多结合例句练习,就能熟练掌握~