"探测地球物理学" can be translated into English as "exploration geophysics" or "prospecting geophysics".
"Exploration geophysics" is a broader term that encompasses the use of geophysical methods to explore the subsurface of the Earth for various purposes, including mineral exploration, oil and gas exploration, and geological mapping.
"Prospecting geophysics" specifically refers to the application of geophysical techniques in the search for mineral deposits or other valuable resources.
In the context of your question, "exploration geophysics" might be a more general and appropriate translation, as it covers a wider range of applications in the field of geophysics related to exploration and investigation of the Earth's subsurface.