它强调“意外或突然遭遇障碍”,突出问题的“挑战性”或“难以克服性”,相当于 "face" 或 "encounter",但更侧重“被动或突然遇到阻力”的语境。
该短语必须接宾语(通常是“问题、困难、反对、阻力”等负面名词),结构为:
1、 接“具体问题/困难”
表示遇到某个棘手的具体问题。
We came up against a major technical problem when testing the new software.
(我们测试新软件时遇到了一个重大技术问题。)
If you come up against any issues with the application, let me know.
(如果你的申请遇到任何问题,告诉我。)
2、 接“阻力/反对”
表示遇到他人的反对或阻碍。
The proposal came up against strong opposition from local residents.
(这项提议遭到了当地居民的强烈反对。)
She came up against a lot of resistance when trying to introduce flexible working hours.
(她试图引入弹性工作时间时遇到了很多阻力。)
3、 接“困境/挑战”
表示遇到难以应对的处境。
Have you ever come up against such a tricky situation before?
(你以前遇到过这么棘手的情况吗?)
New businesses often come up against cash flow problems in their first year.
(新企业在第一年通常会遇到现金流问题。)
face:更通用,可指主动或被动面对;
encounter:强调“偶然遇见”,可指人或事;
come up against:更侧重“突然遇到难以克服的障碍”,语气更具体。
总结:"come up against" 是描述“遇到棘手问题/阻力”的常用短语,适合口语和书面语,核心是“意外遭遇挑战”。