表示“做某事有困难/费劲”,强调主语在完成某动作时遇到阻碍或挑战。
该短语的基本结构为:
主语:通常是“人”(表示“某人做某事有困难”);
have的形式:根据时态/主语人称变化(如:has用于第三人称单数,had用于过去时);
修饰词:可加形容词(如great, little, some, no等)修饰difficulty,说明困难的“程度”;
(in) + doing sth.:in是介词,后接动名词(doing);口语中常省略in(但语法上保留或省略都正确)。
difficulty的单复数:
表示“抽象的困难”(整体概念)时,用单数:I have difficulty in making decisions.(我做决定有困难。)
表示“具体的多个困难”时,用复数:They had difficulties in finding a place to live.(他们找住处时遇到了很多困难。)
省略in:口语中更常见,如:She has difficulty understanding math.(她理解数学有困难。)
1、 基础用法:He has difficulty in pronouncing French words.(他发法语单词的音有困难。)
2、 加修饰词:I have great difficulty in waking up early.(我早起非常困难。)
3、 省略in:We had no difficulty finding your house.(我们找你家没困难。)
4、 过去时:She had difficulty in finishing the project on time.(她按时完成项目有困难。)
不能接“不定式”(to do):错误:I have difficulty to learn English. → 正确:I have difficulty (in) learning English.
同义词组对比:
have trouble (in) doing sth.(含义完全相同,更口语化);
find it difficult to do sth.(结构不同,需用“it”作形式宾语,后接不定式),如:I find it difficult to learn English.(我觉得学英语难。)
总结:"have difficulty in doing" 是表达“做某事有困难”的常用短语,核心是动名词作介词宾语,口语中可省略in,单复数根据“抽象/具体困难”选择。