"be able to" 是动态能力表达(可随时态变化),关键在于根据主语和时态调整 "be" 动词的形式,后面始终接动词原形(do)。以下是常见时态和场景的用法:
"can" 只有现在时(can)和过去时(could),而 "be able to" 可用于所有时态,这是它的核心优势:
一般现在时(描述当前能力):am/is/are able to
例:I am able to swim across the river.(我能游过这条河。)
She is able to speak three languages.(她会说三种语言。)
一般过去时(描述过去的能力/成功做成某事):was/were able to
例:He was able to solve the math problem yesterday.(他昨天能解出那道数学题。)
*注:过去时的 "was/were able to" 常强调成功完成(= managed to),而 "could" 仅表示“过去有能力”(不一定做了)。
对比:He could swim(他过去会游泳,但没说是否游了) vs. He was able to swim to the shore(他成功游到了岸边)。
一般将来时(描述未来的能力/可能性):will be able to
例:We will be able to visit you next month.(我们下个月能来看你。)
现在完成时(描述从过去到现在的能力/结果):have/has been able to
例:They have been able to finish the project ahead of schedule.(他们已经能提前完成项目了。)
否定:在 "be" 动词后加 "not" → be not able to do
例:I am not able to attend the meeting tomorrow.(我明天不能参加会议。)
疑问:将 "be" 动词提前至句首 → Be + 主语 + able to do?
例:Are you able to help me with my homework?(你能帮我做作业吗?)
"be able to" 更侧重通过努力、学习或外部条件获得的能力,而 "can" 更侧重“天生/本能的能力”。
例:After months of practice, she is able to play the piano well.(经过几个月的练习,她能弹好钢琴了。)(强调“练习后的结果”)
若主语是动作的承受者,可用 "be able to be done"(但更常用 "can be done")。
例:The task is able to be completed by Friday.(这项任务能在周五前完成。)
维度 | be able to | can |
---|---|---|
时态覆盖 | 所有时态(现在/过去/将来/完成时等) | 仅现在时(can)、过去时(could) |
强调重点 | 努力/条件后的能力;成功完成 | 天生/本能的能力;可能性 |
过去时的区别 | was/were able to = 成功做了 | could = 过去有能力(不一定做) |
现在能力:My little brother is able to ride a bike now.(我弟弟现在会骑自行车了。)
过去成功:She was able to pass the exam after studying hard.(她努力学习后通过了考试。)
未来计划:We will be able to travel abroad next year.(我们明年能出国旅行。)
完成结果:Have you been able to find your lost key?(你已经找到丢失的钥匙了吗?)
总之,"be able to do" 是灵活的能力表达,尤其适合需要明确时态或强调努力结果的场景~