"by analogy" 是一个介词短语,字面意为“通过类比/类推”,本质是指借助“已知的、相似的情况/事物”来推理、解释或理解“未知的情况/事物”,核心是“用相似性搭桥”。
它通常作方式状语,修饰动词(如 explain, reason, solve, understand 等),说明“做某事的方式是‘类比’”。常见结构有两种:
后面可接介词 with/to(引出“类比的对象”),即 by analogy with/to sth.(“与…类比”)。
常见搭配:
explain by analogy(通过类比解释)
reason by analogy(通过类比推理)
solve by analogy(通过类比解决)
understand by analogy(通过类比理解)
Scientists predicted the behavior of the new element by analogy with its lighter cousins in the periodic table.
(科学家通过与周期表中更轻的同族元素类比,预测了这种新元素的性质。)
The teacher explained how a battery works by analogy to a water pump—both move “energy” from one place to another.
(老师通过类比水泵来解释电池的工作原理——两者都是将“能量”从一处转移到另一处。)
We can solve this math problem by analogy to the one we did last class—they share the same algebraic structure.
(我们可以通过类比上节课做的题来解这道数学题——它们的代数结构相同。)
Some philosophers argue that humans understand morality by analogy—we learn “right” and “wrong” by comparing actions to familiar social norms.
(一些哲学家认为,人类通过类比理解道德——我们通过将行为与熟悉的社会规范比较,来学习“对”与“错”。)
by analogy:介词短语,强调“方法/方式”(= using analogy as a method);
analogously:副词,强调“结果相似”(= in a similar way)。
例如:
By analogy with the brain, the computer uses circuits to process information.(通过类比大脑,电脑用电路处理信息。——强调“用类比的方法”)
Analogously, the computer uses circuits to process information, just like the brain uses neurons.(同理,电脑用电路处理信息,就像大脑用神经元一样。——强调“结果相似”)
总结:"by analogy" 是“用类比法”的标准表达,当你需要用“已知的相似事物”帮助他人理解/解决“未知事物”时,就可以用它~