"用刻痕计算" can be translated as "calculate by notching" or more naturally, "perform calculations using notches" or "count/calculate with notches." The choice may depend on the specific context in which it is used. For example:
"They used to calculate by notching sticks to keep track of numbers." （他们过去常用在木棍上刻痕的方式来计数。）
"Performing calculations with notches was a common method in ancient times." （用刻痕进行计算在古代是一种常见的方法。）