"最优性判别" can be translated into English as "optimality criterion" or "optimality discrimination", depending on the specific context and emphasis:
"Optimality criterion" is often used when referring to a standard or rule used to determine the optimality of a solution, method, or decision.
"Optimality discrimination" could be used when emphasizing the process of distinguishing or judging whether something is optimal, though this term is less common and might be tailored to specific academic or technical contexts.
In most cases, "optimality criterion" would be the more appropriate and widely understood translation.