"用探针探测" can be translated into English as "probe with a probe" (though this is a bit redundant in a literal sense) or more naturally and commonly as "conduct probing with a probe" or simply "probe (something)" when the context makes it clear what is being probed.
For a more concise and contextually appropriate expression in technical or scientific contexts, you might say:
"Use a probe to conduct probing."
"Probe (the area/object) with a probe."
More simply, depending on the context: "Probe (it)." (where "it" refers to the thing being probed)
In most technical discussions, the verb "probe" itself often suffices to convey the idea of using a probe to investigate or measure something. For example:
"We need to probe this area to check for any abnormalities."
"The technician is probing the circuit to find the fault."