“徒然”常见的英文表达有 in vain、for nothing 或 to no avail,具体使用哪个取决于语境:
In vain:使用最为广泛,强调努力或尝试没有取得预期结果,带有“徒劳无功、白费力气”的意味。例如:
He tried to persuade her, but it was all in vain.(他试图说服她,但一切都是徒劳。)
Their efforts to save the company proved in vain.(他们拯救公司的努力最终落空。)
For nothing:侧重于表示没有得到任何回报或成果,强调“毫无结果、白费”。例如:
He worked hard all day, only to find he had done it all for nothing.(他辛苦工作了一整天,结果发现全是白费。)
To no avail:语气较为正式,多用于书面语,表示“没有效果、无济于事”。例如:
All their attempts to reach a settlement were to no avail.(他们为达成和解所做的一切努力都无济于事。)