“谏书”可以翻译为 “memorial of admonition” 或 “advice memorandum (submitted to the emperor)” 。
“谏书”在古代中国指臣子向皇帝进谏的奏章,旨在劝诫或提出建议。上述两个英文表达都试图传达这一含义:
“memorial of admonition”: “memorial” 有“纪念物、奏章”之意, “admonition” 意为“劝诫、告诫”,整体表达了向皇帝进言劝诫的奏章。
“advice memorandum (submitted to the emperor)”: “advice memorandum” 意为“建议备忘录”, “submitted to the emperor” 明确了其呈递对象为皇帝,更贴近“谏书”的实际用途。