“社会背景”常见的英文表达是 social background。
例句：
His social background had a significant impact on his career choices.（他的社会背景对他的职业选择产生了重大影响。）
When studying a historical figure, it's important to consider their social background.（在研究一位历史人物时，考虑其社会背景是很重要的。）