“起伏”常见的英文表达有 undulation、rise and fall、fluctuation 等,具体使用哪个词需根据语境来决定:
undulation:指连续的、有规律的波浪形起伏,常用于描述地形、水面或抽象概念的波动。例如:
The undulations of the landscape added to the beauty of the countryside.(地形的起伏增添了乡村的美景。)
The undulation of the ocean waves was mesmerizing.(海浪的起伏令人着迷。)
rise and fall:这是一个非常直观的表达,直接描述了上升和下降的过程,适用于各种需要明确表达升降变化的场景。例如:
The stock market experienced a series of rises and falls last year.(去年股市经历了一系列的涨跌。)
The music had a gentle rise and fall that was soothing to listen to.(这首音乐有轻柔的起伏,听起来很舒缓。)
fluctuation:强调不稳定的、反复的波动,常用于描述数量、程度、价值等的不规则变化。例如:
There have been fluctuations in the temperature this week.(本周气温有波动。)
The company's profits have shown significant fluctuations over the past few years.(过去几年里,公司的利润出现了显著波动。)