“恶劣环境”常见的英文表达有 harsh environment、severe environment 或 adverse conditions(若强调条件状况时也可用此短语表达类似含义) 。
harsh environment: “harsh”有“严酷的;恶劣的;苛刻的”意思, “harsh environment” 强调环境条件极其艰苦、严酷,让人难以忍受。例如:Plants in the harsh environment of the desert have evolved unique adaptations.(沙漠这种恶劣环境中的植物已经进化出了独特的适应能力。 )
severe environment: “severe”意为“严峻的;严厉的;严重的” , “severe environment” 突出环境的严峻、苛刻程度。例如:The spacecraft must be able to withstand the severe environment of outer space.(宇宙飞船必须能够承受外太空的恶劣环境。 )
adverse conditions: “adverse”意思是“不利的;有害的;反面的” ,“adverse conditions” 侧重于描述各种不利的、会对事物产生负面影响的条件状况,不一定局限于自然环境,也可用于描述其他场景下的不利条件。例如:The team had to play in adverse conditions, with strong winds and heavy rain.(这支球队不得不在恶劣的条件下比赛,当时风很大,雨也很大。 )