"脂质过氧化反应" can be translated into English as "lipid peroxidation reaction" or simply "lipid peroxidation" (when the context makes it clear that a reaction is being referred to).
In scientific and medical literature, "lipid peroxidation" is a widely recognized term that describes the oxidative degradation of lipids, particularly unsaturated fatty acids, resulting in the formation of various reactive aldehydes and other breakdown products.