“实质的”常见英文表达有 substantial、essential、material 等,具体使用哪个词取决于语境:
substantial:强调数量、程度或重要性上的实质性,可译为“大量的;实质性的;重要的” 。例如:There has been a substantial improvement in her health.(她的健康状况有了实质性的改善。 )
essential:侧重指事物内在的、必不可少的本质特征,可译为“本质的;基本的;实质的” 。例如:The essential difference between the two products lies in their packaging.(这两种产品实质上的区别在于包装。 )
material:常指与法律、事实、研究等相关的实质性内容或要点,可译为“实质性的;重要的” 。例如:The lawyer argued that the new evidence was material to the case.(律师辩称,新证据对本案至关重要。 )