"大学本科教育" can be translated into English as "undergraduate education" or "bachelor's degree education" (though the latter is less commonly used directly in this phrase; "undergraduate education" is more prevalent).
In most contexts, especially when discussing academic programs or systems, "undergraduate education" is the most appropriate and commonly used term. It refers to the educational level that follows high school and precedes graduate or postgraduate studies, typically leading to a bachelor's degree.