"通信传输时间" can be translated as "communication transmission time" or "transmission time for communication" in English. Both expressions are commonly used to convey the concept of the time taken for data or signals to be transmitted in a communication system.
In more technical or specific contexts, you might also encounter terms like "data transmission time" (if focusing specifically on data) or "signal propagation time" (if emphasizing the time it takes for a signal to travel from one point to another), but "communication transmission time" is a general and accurate term for the overall concept.