"颈椎过度屈伸损伤" can be translated into English as "cervical spine whiplash injury" or "cervical hyperflexion-hyperextension injury".
"Cervical spine whiplash injury" directly refers to the injury caused by a rapid, forceful back-and-forth movement of the neck, similar to the motion in a whiplash accident, which can lead to damage to the cervical spine.
"Cervical hyperflexion-hyperextension injury" more precisely describes the mechanism of injury, involving excessive flexion (bending forward) and hyperextension (bending backward) of the cervical spine.
Both translations are acceptable, and the choice may depend on the specific context or the level of detail desired in the description.