“苦笑”常见的英文表达是 a bitter smile 或 a forced/wry smile。
a bitter smile 侧重于表达内心苦涩、无奈,却还要强颜欢笑的状态。例如:He gave a bitter smile at the thought of his lost job.(一想到丢了工作,他便苦涩地笑了笑。 )
a forced/wry smile 强调笑容并非发自内心,而是出于某种原因勉强挤出来的。例如:She managed a forced smile when asked about the failure.(当被问及失败的事情时,她勉强挤出一个笑容。 ) She wore a wry smile as she recalled the embarrassing incident.(当她回忆起那件尴尬的事时,脸上露出了苦笑。 )