"第四纪地质学" can be translated into English as "Quaternary Geology" or more commonly and precisely, "Quaternary Geoscience" (though "Quaternary Geology" is also widely accepted). However, in some academic contexts, it might also be referred to as "Quaternary Science (with a focus on geology)" or simply "Quaternary Geology" when the context clearly indicates the geological aspect.
The most straightforward and commonly used term is "Quaternary Geology", where "Quaternary" refers to the Quaternary Period (or Quaternary, also known as the Quaternary in some older or specialized literature, though "Quaternary" is more accurately a term for the system/period in geology, and "Quaternary" here is used in a broad sense to refer to the study of that time period), and "Geology" specifies the field of study.
In modern geological literature, "Quaternary Geology" is the preferred term when referring specifically to the geological aspects of the Quaternary Period.