"第四纪地质学" can be translated into English as "Quaternary Geology" or more commonly and precisely, "Quaternary Geoscience" (though "Quaternary Geology" is widely accepted and used). However, in some academic contexts or more specific literature, it might also be referred to as "Quaternary Period Geology" to emphasize its focus on the Quaternary Period, but the simplest and most commonly used form is "Quaternary Geology".
Here's a breakdown:
Quaternary: Refers to the most recent geological period, the Quaternary Period, which includes the present day and extends back about 2.6 million years.
Geology (or Geoscience): The scientific study of the Earth's solid materials, structure, and processes.
Therefore, combining these terms gives us "Quaternary Geology" as the English translation for "第四纪地质学".