"造成灾难的因素" can be translated into English as "factors contributing to the disaster" or "causative factors of the disaster".
Both expressions are commonly used to describe the elements or circumstances that lead to a disaster. The choice between them may depend on the specific context or the nuance you wish to convey.
"Factors contributing to the disaster" emphasizes the role of these elements in bringing about or exacerbating the disaster.
"Causative factors of the disaster" directly points to these elements as the causes or origins of the disaster.