“处以刑罚”可以翻译为 “impose a penalty/punishment” 或 “sentence to a penalty/punishment”。
impose a penalty/punishment：强调施加、实行惩罚的动作，适用于各种惩罚情境。
sentence to a penalty/punishment：在法律语境中更为常用，指法院对罪犯判处的刑罚，如“判处某人有期徒刑”可表达为“sentence someone to a fixed-term imprisonment”。