“利己主义的”常见英文表达是 “self-interested” 或 “selfish”,两者都可用于描述以自我利益为核心的行为或态度,但存在细微差别:
Self-interested:侧重于从自身利益出发考虑问题,行为可能出于理性自利,不一定带有负面道德评判,例如:His self-interested decisions sometimes harm the collective interest.(他那些利己主义的决定有时会损害集体利益。)
Selfish:更强调只顾自己、不顾他人的负面特质,常用于道德谴责,例如:She was criticized for being selfish and uncaring towards others.(她因自私且对他人漠不关心而受到批评。)
根据语境选择:若需中性描述理性自利行为,用 self-interested;若需强调负面道德评价,用 selfish。