“业经证明的”可以翻译为“proven” 或 “proved”(两者都是“prove”的过去分词形式,在形容词语境下意思相近),也可更正式地表达为 “having been proven” 或 “duly proven” 。
“proven”/“proved” 简洁常用,例如:This method has been proven effective.(这种方法业经证明有效。)
“having been proven” 突出过程性,例如:The theory, having been proven through numerous experiments, is widely accepted.(该理论业经多次实验证明,被广泛接受。)
“duly proven” 更强调“恰当地、正式地”被证明,常用于法律等正式语境,例如:The facts were duly proven in court.(这些事实在法庭上业经正式证明。 )