“擅自”在英语中常见的表达有 without authorization、unauthorizedly、on one's own initiative (without permission) 等,具体使用哪个取决于语境和表达习惯:
without authorization:这是一个较为正式且常用的表达,强调未经授权、没有得到许可就采取行动,在商务、法律等正式语境中很常见。
例句:He accessed the confidential files without authorization.(他擅自访问了机密文件。)
unauthorizedly:是副词形式,直接描述行为是未经许可的、擅自的,常用于修饰动词。
例句:He entered the restricted area unauthorizedly.(他擅自进入了禁区。)
on one's own initiative (without permission):这个表达更侧重于描述某人主动地、自发地(未经允许)做某事,突出自主性和未经许可的特点。
例句:She decided to change the project plan on her own initiative without permission.(她擅自决定更改项目计划。 )