“惩戒”常见的英文表达有 punishment、disciplinary action 或 penalty,具体使用哪个词取决于语境:
1、 punishment(最为常用)
含义:指对不当行为或罪行的处罚,强调通过施加不愉快后果来纠正或威慑。
例句:The teacher gave the student a severe punishment for cheating.(老师对作弊的学生给予了严厉的惩戒。)
2、 disciplinary action(侧重纪律性)
含义:指针对违反规定或纪律的行为采取的纠正措施,常用于组织、机构或学校。
例句:The company took disciplinary action against the employee for his misconduct.(公司对该员工的不当行为采取了惩戒措施。)
3、 penalty(侧重经济或法律后果)
含义:指因违规或违法而需承担的后果,如罚款、处罚等,常用于法律或体育规则语境。
例句:The football player received a yellow card as a penalty for his rough play.(该足球运动员因粗暴动作被判黄牌惩戒。)
选择建议:日常或教育场景中,punishment 最通用。
职场或组织纪律场景中,disciplinary action 更合适。
法律或体育规则语境中,penalty 更贴切。