"患黄疸病的" can be translated into English as "suffering from jaundice" or "jaundiced" (though "jaundiced" can also have a figurative meaning of being prejudiced or biased, so context is important when using it).
In most medical or straightforward contexts, "suffering from jaundice" would be the clearer and more precise choice. For example:
"A patient suffering from jaundice was admitted to the hospital."（一名患黄疸病的患者被送进了医院。）