“艰难困苦”常见的英文表达是 “hardships and difficulties”,也可以表述为 “hardships and sufferings” 或 “tribulations and hardships” 等。
hardships and difficulties:是最直接、常用的译法,“hardships”指艰难、困苦,“difficulties”指困难,二者结合准确传达了“艰难困苦”的含义。
hardships and sufferings:“sufferings”更强调身心所遭受的痛苦,与“hardships”搭配,突出了艰难困苦中身心所承受的压力。
tribulations and hardships:“tribulations”指痛苦、磨难,带有一种历经沧桑、饱经风霜的意味,与“hardships”搭配,强调了经历的艰难程度之深。