“免除”常见的英文表达有 exempt、waive、relieve 或 absolve,具体使用哪个词取决于上下文语境:
Exempt:常用于法律、规章或义务的语境,表示“免除(责任、义务等)”。例如:
Students from low-income families are exempted from paying tuition fees.(低收入家庭的学生免交学费。)
This product is exempt from sales tax.(该产品免征销售税。)
Waive:通常指主动放弃或免除某项权利、要求或费用等,强调自愿性。例如:
The company waived the late fee for customers who paid within a week.(公司对一周内付款的客户免除了滞纳金。)
She waived her right to appeal.(她放弃了上诉权。)
Relieve:侧重于减轻或免除某人(或某物)的负担、痛苦、责任等,有“缓解;减轻;免除”之意。例如:
The new policy will relieve farmers of heavy taxes.(新政策将减轻农民的重税负担。)
This medicine can relieve the pain.(这种药可以缓解疼痛。)
Absolve:多用于宗教或道德语境,表示“宣告无罪;免除(责任、罪过等)”,语气较为正式和庄重。例如:
The priest absolved him of his sins.(神父赦免了他的罪。)
No one can absolve you from your responsibility in this matter.(在这件事上,没有人能免除你的责任。)