“forfeit”主要有名词和动词两种词性。名词意为“没收物;罚金;丧失之物;丧失的权利” ;动词意为“(因犯规或违约)被没收;丧失;被迫放弃” 。用法上,名词常用于描述因违规等失去的东西,动词常用于主动或被动表达失去某物。
名词:
“forfeit”作名词时,基本含义是“没收物;罚金”,指因违反规定、合同等而被没收的东西或需要支付的罚款。例如:The fine is a kind of forfeit for breaking the traffic rules.(罚款是违反交通规则的一种罚金。)
还可以表示“丧失之物;丧失的权利”,即由于某种行为(如违约、犯规等)而失去的东西或权利。比如:He lost the game and his chance to compete in the final, which was a great forfeit.(他输掉了比赛,也失去了参加决赛的机会,这是巨大的损失。)
动词:
“forfeit”作动词时,意为“(因犯规或违约)被没收;丧失;被迫放弃” 。常指由于违反规则、合同、协议等,而不得不放弃或失去原本拥有的东西。例如:If you don't pay the rent on time, you may forfeit your right to live in the apartment.(如果你不按时交房租,你可能会丧失住在这套公寓里的权利。)
名词用法:
在句子中可作主语、宾语等。例如:The forfeit for cheating in the exam is disqualification.(考试作弊的惩罚是被取消资格。这里 “forfeit” 作主语。)
常与 “pay”(支付)、“face”(面临) 等动词搭配。如:You have to face the forfeit for your mistake.(你得为你的错误承担后果。这里 “forfeit” 作 “face” 的宾语。)
动词用法:
“forfeit” 常见结构有 “forfeit sth.”(失去某物) 或 “forfeit one's right/opportunity to do sth.”(失去做某事的权利/机会) 。例如:He forfeited his scholarship because of poor academic performance.(他因学业成绩不佳而失去了奖学金。)
在被动语态中,“be forfeited” 表示“被没收;被丧失” 。如:The prize will be forfeited if the winner doesn't claim it within a week.(如果获奖者在一周内不认领奖品,奖品将被没收。)