“however”主要有两种词性,一是副词,意为“然而;不过;无论如何”,用于连接句子或段落,表示转折关系,也可用于加强语气或表示让步;二是连词(较少用),意为“无论如何;不管怎样”,引导让步状语从句。以下将详细阐述其不同词性下的用法。
表示转折
“however”作为副词时,最常用的用法是表示转折,通常位于句中,前后用逗号隔开,用来引出与前文相对或相反的观点、情况等。例如:
He planned to go to the party. However, he got a call and had to stay at home.(他原本计划去参加聚会。然而,他接到了一个电话,不得不待在家里。)
The weather was bad. However, we still had a great time.(天气很糟糕。然而,我们仍然玩得很开心。)
在某些情况下,“however”也可以放在句首或句末,但放在句首时,后面一般不用逗号;放在句末时,前面要用逗号。例如:
However, I still think it's a good idea.(然而,我仍然认为这是个好主意。)
The project is difficult, but we'll try our best, however.(这个项目很难,但无论如何我们都会尽力。)
加强语气
“however”还可以用于加强语气,强调某种情况的程度。例如:
However hard you try, you may not succeed.(无论你多么努力,你可能都不会成功。)这里“however”强调了“努力”的程度。
表示让步
在“no matter how”结构中,“however”可替换“no matter how”,引导让步状语从句,表示“无论多么”。例如:
However difficult the task may be, we must complete it on time.(无论这项任务多么困难,我们都必须按时完成。)= No matter how difficult the task may be, we must complete it on time.
“however”作为连词使用时,意思相当于“no matter how”,引导让步状语从句,但在实际使用中相对较少见。例如:
However you look at it, this is a serious problem.(无论你怎么看,这都是一个严重的问题。)