"likelihood"是名词,意为可能性、概率,常用于描述事件发生的几率或预测结果的可信度。其核心用法包括:
1、 搭配介词(如"of", "that")表达具体概率;
2、 与动词连用(如"increase the likelihood")表示因果关系;
3、 替代"probability",更侧重主观判断或统计推断。
"likelihood"指某事发生的可能性或概率,通常基于证据、统计数据或逻辑推断。与"probability"(客观数学概率)相比,"likelihood"更强调主观评估或统计模型中的似然性(如统计学中的似然函数)。
"likelihood of":
The likelihood of rain tomorrow is high.(明天下雨的可能性很大。)
The study analyzed the likelihood of recurrence in cancer patients.(研究分析了癌症患者复发的可能性。)
"likelihood that":
There is a high likelihood that the project will be completed on time.(项目按时完成的可能性很高。)
The likelihood that she will win the election is increasing.(她赢得选举的可能性正在增加。)
"increase/reduce the likelihood":
Smoking increases the likelihood of lung cancer.(吸烟会增加患肺癌的风险。)
Regular exercise reduces the likelihood of heart disease.(定期锻炼可降低患心脏病的风险。)
"estimate/calculate the likelihood"(统计或预测):
Scientists estimate the likelihood of an asteroid hitting Earth within the next century.(科学家估计小行星在下个世纪撞击地球的可能性。)
当需要强调主观判断或统计推断时,用"likelihood"更合适:
The likelihood of success depends on market conditions.(成功的可能性取决于市场环境。)
In statistics, "likelihood" refers to the probability of observed data given a model.(在统计学中,"似然性"指给定模型下观察到数据的概率。)
"probability":客观数学概率,通常基于已知数据(如掷骰子得6的概率是1/6)。
"likelihood":更主观或基于模型,常用于预测或推断(如"根据模型,未来5年发生危机的可能性为30%")。
"remote likelihood":极小的可能性
There is a remote likelihood that he will change his mind.(他改变主意的可能性极小。)
"strong likelihood":很高的可能性
There is a strong likelihood that the deal will be finalized this week.(交易本周敲定的可能性很大。)
学术领域:统计学中,"likelihood function"(似然函数)是模型参数估计的核心工具。
日常表达:更口语化,如"What's the likelihood of that happening?"(那发生的可能性有多大?)
用法 | 例句 |
---|---|
"likelihood of" | The likelihood of rain tomorrow is 70%. |
"likelihood that" | There is a high likelihood that he will win. |
"increase/reduce" | Regular exercise reduces the likelihood of illness. |
学术:似然函数 | The likelihood function maximizes the probability of observed data. |
通过以上总结和例句,可以清晰掌握"likelihood"的用法和核心含义。