“survival”作为名词,主要意思是“生存;存活;幸存”,也可引申为“继续存在;遗留物;残存物”。其用法较为灵活,可作主语、宾语、定语等,在描述与生存、存活相关的事物或情境时广泛使用。
生存;存活;幸存:这是“survival”最常见的含义,强调在面临困难、危险或不利条件时,生命得以延续。例如:
The survival of the species depends on its ability to adapt to the changing environment.(这个物种的生存取决于它适应变化环境的能力。)
After the earthquake, many people were struggling for survival.(地震后,许多人在为生存而挣扎。)
继续存在:指某种事物、传统、观念等在时间的推移中依然保持存在。例如:
The old customs are a part of our cultural survival.(这些古老的习俗是我们文化传承的一部分。)
遗留物;残存物:指过去遗留下来的东西,可能具有一定的历史、文化或科学价值。例如:
These ancient artifacts are important survivals from the past.(这些古老的文物是过去重要的遗留物。)
作主语:
Survival is the most basic instinct of all living things.(生存是所有生物最基本的本能。)
Survival in the wild requires a lot of skills and knowledge.(在野外生存需要很多技能和知识。)
作宾语:
We must fight for our survival.(我们必须为生存而战。)
The new policy is aimed at ensuring the survival of small businesses.(这项新政策旨在确保小企业的生存。)
作定语:
The survival rate of patients with this disease has improved significantly in recent years.(近年来,这种疾病患者的存活率有了显著提高。)
We need to develop some survival skills to deal with unexpected situations.(我们需要掌握一些生存技能来应对突发情况。)
survival skills:生存技能,指在野外或特殊环境中维持生命所需的技能,如寻找食物、水源、搭建庇护所等。例如:Learning survival skills is essential for outdoor enthusiasts.(学习生存技能对户外爱好者来说是至关重要的。)
survival rate:存活率,指在一定时间内,特定群体中存活个体的比例。例如:The survival rate of cancer patients has increased due to advanced medical treatments.(由于先进的医疗治疗,癌症患者的存活率有所提高。)
for the sake of survival:为了生存,强调为了维持生命而采取的行动。例如:They had to steal food for the sake of survival.(他们为了生存不得不偷食物。)